The quality of textile products is closely related to printing and dyeing auxiliaries. The quality of printing and dyeing auxiliaries directly affects the quality of textiles. From the current development situation of China’s textile industry, printing and dyeing auxiliaries have certain limitations in technology, so they will inevitably cause harm to the environment in the process of use. Under the background of paying great attention to environmental protection, the main development direction of printing and dyeing auxiliaries in the future should be discussed in detail
Application of printing and dyeing auxiliaries
During textile processing, the dyeing and printing effect of textile will be improved through printing and dyeing auxiliaries, and the auxiliary effect of printing and dyeing auxiliaries is obvious. In general, printing and dyeing auxiliaries are classified according to their composition and function.
In terms of function, printing and dyeing auxiliaries can be divided into dyeing treatment, pre-treatment, post-treatment and printing treatment. Pretreatment is that before the formal printing and dyeing, the relevant staff can bleach the knitted fabric with refiner and bleach to effectively remove the oil and impurities, so as to fully ensure the smooth progress of the next dyeing work. Dyeing treatment: the fabric is treated with leveling agent, darkening agent and color fixing agent to make the fabric more uniform and bright in color, and it is not easy to fade. Printing treatment will promote clearer and firmer fabric printing through adhesives and thickeners [2]. After treatment, waterproof agent and softener are used to make the fabric softer and reflect better waterproof and fire prevention effects.
In terms of composition, printing and dyeing auxiliaries can be divided into non surfactant and surfactant rich. At present, most printing and dyeing auxiliaries are rich in surface active auxiliaries, and penetrant is an important representative. It can promote the effective penetration of permeable substances in fabrics, such as bleaching penetrant and mercerizing penetrant. Emulsifier can significantly reduce the static electricity generated by fabric [3]. Some printing and dyeing auxiliaries do not contain active agents.
Influence of printing and dyeing auxiliaries on Environment
In the process of textile processing, it is necessary to obtain the support of printing and dyeing auxiliaries. How to use printing and dyeing auxiliaries to effectively treat fabrics at low cost is an urgent problem to be solved in the textile industry. In the process of fabric processing, affected by weak technology, weak consciousness and high cost in the process of processing, printing and dyeing auxiliaries are often simply treated after processing and discharged directly into nature. With the gradual increase of toxins accumulated in nature, it will put pressure on the environment. The impact of printing and dyeing auxiliaries on the environment is mainly reflected in: first, the impact on organisms. Although printing and dyeing auxiliaries are different in classification and function, the impact on natural organisms is not very different. At present, the toxicity of active agents mainly affects aquatic organisms and aquatic plants, such as algae and fish. It is difficult for carp to resist the toxin in the active agent. When the concentration of dodecanol polyoxyethylene ether in water is 2.4 mg / L, the death rate will reach 100%. If the textile factory discharges the wastewater containing toxins after simple treatment of printing and dyeing auxiliaries, it will lead to a large number of fish deaths in the river, And algae can also have dyskinesia [. Secondly, the impact on human health. People’s most basic needs in life are clothing, food, shelter and transportation. The pajama fabric worn during sleep is produced by factories, but some textiles will use bleach and refiners. These substances will penetrate into the human body with the accumulation of contact. In the long run, the spleen and liver will be affected. At the same time, some textiles will stimulate the skin. Printing and dyeing auxiliaries containing formaldehyde can Improve the stiffness of the fabric. In the textile industry, some textile enterprises will use printing and dyeing auxiliaries containing formaldehyde, which may cause skin inflammation in the process of formaldehyde release. Finally, the impact on the environment. The printing and dyeing auxiliaries may be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water under the action of microorganisms. After the decomposition of the active agent, the negative impact on the environment will not be too heavy. Some of the active agents can be degraded under the influence of microorganisms. The degradation speed is fast. All the printing and dyeing auxiliaries can be degraded, with low cost and less pollution to the environment. For example, when treating wastewater, it can be treated through the sewage pipeline system first, and then through the sewage treatment plant. After each treatment link, the substances discharged from the sewage will be easier to decompose in the soil to reduce the impact and damage to the environment.
