Acidified wax
Acidified wax is a kind of wax product that grafts carboxyl or anhydride and directly introduces it into the wax structure. The more common varieties usually include the following: Garment bran acidified wax, Fuma acidified wax and maleated wax. It is characterized by simple structure and light color. In addition, it not only has stable performance, but also has high hardness and acid value. At the same acid value, oxidized wax will oxidize and deteriorate, resulting in poor hardness and color, but acidified wax will not. Acidified wax not only has good emulsifying property, but also can replace part of paraffin emulsifier and reduce the amount of original emulsifier in the emulsifying reaction of paraffin. In particular, maleated wax, compared with other varieties, has a special effect on carbon dispersion due to the presence of cyclic anhydride groups in its structure . The structural characteristics of acidified wax determine that it has good emulsification, dispersion and gloss, so it has been widely used in textile, leather polishing, rust prevention, daily chemicals and other industries. Among them, maleic anhydride has been industrialized because of its large steric hindrance, low monomer activity and difficult self polymerization. And acrylated wax，Because of the high monomer activity, the industrialization of wax products is difficult.
Esterified wax
There are usually two ways to obtain esterified wax. One is to esterificate synthetic wax and natural wax. Animal and plant wax is widely used. At the same time, they are also esterified wax, such as beeswax, insect wax, sugarcane wax, etc; Another method is to prepare products similar to natural ester wax by esterification modification of higher alkanes. Esterified wax is an important chemical raw material and widely used material. Its main advantages include good gloss, good emulsification, good compatibility and so on. However, some properties of esterified wax, such as dropping point and toughness, can not fully meet the needs of the market, especially the needs of special industries. Moreover, as a semi synthetic wax, the source, climate and price of esterified wax are easily affected by various problems, resulting in high cost, which forces people to further study and develop the modified esterified wax technology.
Esterified wax has similar properties to natural wax, but its price is relatively low. It can replace some natural animal and plant waxes and be used in various fields, such as making models, additives, coating of paper products, furniture polish, lubricant of plastic products, etc.
Amide wax
Amide wax is obtained by acylation of fatty acids. In foreign countries, high carbonic acid with carbon number greater than 25 is generally used as raw material, which is prepared by reacting with monoamine or diamine; At the same time, it is also prepared by reacting stearic acid or hydroxystearic acid with polyamine or alcohol amine, for example, using octadecane carboxylic acid to react with primary amine. Foreign amide waxes have been serialized for a long time. Compared with them, there are few varieties of amide waxes in China and their application is not wide. Generally, oleic acid amide or stearamide is used instead.
Amide wax is characterized by high melting point, and after mixing with other waxes, it can also significantly improve the melting point of other waxes, which is not possessed by other waxes [16]. Due to its high melting point, amide wax has been well used in glazing waxing industry. Moreover, amide wax has good lubricity and dispersion, and can be fully miscible with other additives and wax products. It is also the cosolvent of polar resin and non-polar wax blends.
Amide wax is widely used in many industries because of its good performance, such as anti adhesion agent of packaging materials, antistatic agent, textile additives, pigment dispersant in ink and paint, release agent and lubricant of plastic products, additives to improve the dropping point of wax products, etc.
